Four Palaces Belief of Vietnamese Đạo Mẫu

What is Đạo Mẫu?

Đạo Mẫu (Mother Goddess Religion) is an indigenous polytheistic religion that originated in Viet Nam millennia ago, placing a strong emphasis on the worship of goddesses, with the central figure often being represented as the Mother. These goddesses are believed to possess the power of creation, nurturing, and protection, not only for their devotees but also for the well-being of the entire country.

The practices and rituals of Đạo Mẫu exhibit significant regional variations, reflecting the distinct characteristics of each locality. Over the course of Viet Nam’s history, the religion has undergone the influence of various external factors, including Taoism, Buddhism, and other religions, which have shaped and molded its development.

What is Four Palaces?

Four Palaces [Tứ Phủ] is a significant branch of Đạo Mẫu that boasts a rich historical background and a substantial following. Originating from the northern region of Viet Nam, the Four Palaces belief has expanded its influence throughout the entire country.

At the core of the Four Palaces belief stands the veneration of Mother Goddess Liễu Hạnh, one of Viet Nam’s Four Immortals, as the central figure. The mythical narrative surrounding Mother Goddess Liễu Hạnh originated during the 15th century, within the period of the Lê Dynasty, which also marks the strong development of the Four Palaces belief.

The Four Palaces doctrine perceives the universe as comprising four distinct realms: Heaven, Earth, Water, and Mountain. Each of these realms is governed by a divine Palace, hence the appellation “Four Palaces.”

The Four Palaces Cosmology

The cosmos in the Four Palaces belief is divided into the four following realms:

Each deity in the Four Palaces belongs to a specific Palace, governing and managing the affairs of that Palace. Their regalia usually has the representative color of their Palace. To view the official pantheon of Four Palaces, kindly click the button below.